Night Earth

Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Vidyasagar bridge on Hoogly
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Kolkata, also known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, located on the east coast of India. The city has a rich history, having served as the center of British India until 1911. Today, Kolkata is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 14 million people, making it the third-most populous city in India.

When the sun sets over Kolkata, the city comes to life with its vibrant night lights. The city's skyline is dominated by the iconic Howrah Bridge, which spans the Hooghly River, connecting the city to the industrial town of Howrah. The bridge is beautifully illuminated at night, casting a shimmering reflection on the river below. The Victoria Memorial, a magnificent white marble building that houses a museum and a popular tourist destination, is also illuminated at night, showcasing its grandeur against the dark sky. The Park Street area, known for its restaurants, bars, and nightlife, is a hub of activity at night, with brightly-lit signs and colorful lights.

However, Kolkata's night lights are also a source of light pollution, which has a significant impact on the city's environment and its inhabitants. Light pollution is caused by the excessive use of artificial lighting, which interferes with the natural cycles of light and dark. The excessive lighting also leads to energy waste, increased carbon emissions, and disruption of ecosystems.

Kolkata's light pollution is estimated to be moderate to high, with a significant amount of light coming from streetlights, commercial establishments, and residential buildings. According to a study conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), the city's light pollution index is around 64, which indicates a moderate level of light pollution.

One of the major factors contributing to Kolkata's light pollution is the city's growing population and urbanization. The increasing number of vehicles on the roads, along with the growth of commercial and residential areas, has led to the proliferation of artificial lighting. The city's industrialization has also led to the use of high-intensity lamps and floodlights, contributing to the city's light pollution.

Despite efforts by the government and environmental groups to reduce light pollution, Kolkata's inhabitants have become accustomed to brightly-lit streets and buildings. Many people believe that brighter lights provide better security, and therefore, are hesitant to reduce their usage. Moreover, many people in the city rely on street vendors and small businesses that remain open late into the night, which further contributes to the use of artificial lighting.

Kolkata is a vibrant and bustling city with a rich history and culture. However, the city's night lights also contribute to its light pollution, which has a significant impact on its environment and inhabitants. The excessive use of artificial lighting, fueled by the city's growing population and urbanization, continues to be a major challenge for the government and environmental groups. As Kolkata continues to grow and develop, it is important to balance the benefits of artificial lighting with the need to protect the environment and promote sustainability.